Computer programming is the process by which professionals create instructions, or "code," that direct computers, software applications, and systems on how to perform specific tasks. At its core, computer programming involves writing sets of instructions that enable machines to execute actions—whether simple or highly complex. These instructions can range from basic functions like adding two numbers to advanced applications such as managing smart thermostats, complex data analytics, or running immersive video games.
From the simplest laptops to advanced supercomputers, computers are powerful tools that rely on precise programming to operate. Without these instructions, machines are just hardware without purpose. This is where computer programmers come in, transforming raw hardware potential into functional, purposeful software.
Dr. Cheryl Frederick, executive director of STEM programs at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), highlights that computer programming is a collaborative, ongoing process. Software development often involves multiple programmers and can span years of updates and refinements. For instance, Microsoft Word, first released in 1983, has been continually improved and refined for decades.
“The goal is for the software to be widely adopted, requiring ongoing support and enhancements over time,” Frederick notes.
Computer programmers write, test, and modify code to ensure applications and software work efficiently. They use specialized programming languages to communicate with computers, instructing them to perform specific tasks.
Some of the responsibilities of a computer programmer include:
Key Skills for a Computer Programmer
Successful programmers need a mix of technical expertise and soft skills. Some of the most essential skills for computer programmers include:
While many programmers are self-taught, formal education is a common path to entering the field. A bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field is typically required. Programming is a constantly evolving discipline, so a strong foundation in programming languages, algorithms, and data structures is essential.
Dr. Curtis George, associate dean of information technology programs at SNHU, emphasizes that while a degree provides the initial framework, experience and continual learning are what truly shape a great programmer. Programmers must also stay updated on industry trends and new languages, such as Java and C++, to remain competitive.
“The software development field is ever-changing. To be successful, programmers need to be able to adapt and solve problems using the latest tools and methodologies,” Dr. George adds.
One of the key aspects of becoming a proficient computer programmer is gaining hands-on experience. Dr. Frederick notes that patience is crucial, as most programs don't work perfectly the first time. Programmers must be skilled at troubleshooting, identifying errors, and iterating on their solutions. It’s also important to collaborate with other developers to learn different techniques and approaches.
Creating a portfolio of coding projects is an excellent way for aspiring programmers to showcase their work to potential employers. Many students in computer science programs build these portfolios alongside their academic studies to demonstrate their skills in real-world applications.
While a bachelor’s degree is typically the minimum requirement, many programmers opt for additional certifications to specialize in specific languages or tools. Certifications can be particularly valuable for those working with specialized software or hardware.
Some of the top programming certifications include:
These certifications can help programmers demonstrate their expertise to employers and make them more competitive in the job market.
While learning to program, students often collaborate in teams, reflecting the real-world development environments. Dr. George, who has extensive experience working in tech companies such as NASA, advises students to embrace both independent and team-oriented work. Collaborative learning is crucial in building software and solving problems together.
Students pursuing computer science or software engineering degrees should expect to develop both their individual technical abilities and their ability to work effectively within teams, mirroring the workplace environment.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for computer programmers in 2023 was approximately $99,700 per year. This figure can vary depending on location, experience, and specialization, but it reflects the strong demand for skilled programmers in a variety of industries, from software development to telecommunications and finance.
Moreover, the job prospects for computer programmers are expected to remain positive, with demand growing as more industries rely on technology for day-to-day operations.
Computer programming is a dynamic and essential field that powers the digital world. Whether you're developing the next big app, building intricate systems for financial institutions, or designing video games, the skills required to become a successful programmer are varied and ever-evolving.
If you're considering a career in programming, it's important to build a strong foundation through education and hands-on experience. As you develop critical thinking, communication, and time management skills, you'll be well-equipped to tackle the challenges and opportunities that come with a career in computer programming.
The road to becoming a great programmer involves continuous learning, dedication, and a passion for solving problems. Keep refining your skills, stay updated with the latest trends, and most importantly, embrace the journey of building software that can shape the future.